Effects of a multispecies symbiotic on Growth Characteristics, Hematologic and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Neotatal Calves

Abstract
With concerns about the effects of antibiotics, nutritional properties of probiotics, their effects on the improvement of the immune system and the prevention of diseases, has been attracted in recent years. The theory related to the usefulness of probiotics is that these exogenous bacteria can become established in the gut, thereby reducing the chance for pathogens to become established and this is very important in neonatal calves high incidence of intestinal and respiratory diseases. In the present study, ?? Holstein female calves (with an average birth weight of ??.? kg) were randomly divided into three equal groups. Calves in group ? (control) did not receive any probiotics, while the calves in groups ? and ? were given ?.? and ?.? g of a symbiotic (Imonox: containing probiotic, prebiotic, nanocalcic and some vitamins) daily with colostrum or milk until Day ??. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein in the first day and up to fourth weeks with ? days interval. Blood parameters were determined using an autoanalyzer. Also, growth parameters, immunoglobins and oxidative stress were also measured. The results showed that the parameters of body length and height, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phapatase (ALP), white blood cells (WBC) and packet cell volume (PCV) were not affected by experimental treatments. In contrast, there was a significant difference in body weight, size of the chest, alanin aminotransfrase (ALT), gamma glutamiltransfrase (GGT), neutrophils, lymphocytes, IgG, IgM, malondialdehyde and the activity of super oxide sismutase (SOD), and catalase between groups (P